The Won-Dollar Exchange Rate Soared Above 1,420 Won: What's the Fundamental Reason?

The Won-Dollar Exchange Rate Soared Above 1,420 Won: What's the Fundamental Reason?




πŸ“Œ Summary

The recent sharp rise in the KRW/USD exchange rate to 1,423 won stems from a complex interplay of factors: the U.S. abandonment of the gold standard (Nixon Shock), the subsequent addition of employment goals by the Federal Reserve, intensified net selling of Korean government bonds by foreigners, and the Bank of Korea's difficulty in lowering interest rates due to surging domestic apartment prices.


πŸ“– Why it matters! (Significance and context)

The current surge in the KRW/USD exchange rate is not merely a short-term market fluctuation. It is connected to the historical context of the global financial system, including the fundamental shift in U.S. monetary policy in the 1970s, the expansion of the Fed's role, and the introduction of the dollar index. Particularly, the value of the Korean won is weakening faster relative to major currencies. This is the combined result of large-scale selling of Korean government bonds by foreign investors and domestic economic factors (rapid apartment price increases), necessitating a deep understanding and preparedness for exchange rate volatility.


πŸ”₯ Key Takeaways

1️⃣ Historical Background of Abandoning the Gold Standard and Dollar Depreciation

  • Abandoning the Gold Standard (Nixon Shock): In 1971, amid skepticism over the indiscriminate issuance of dollars to fund the Vietnam War, countries like France demanded gold redemption. In response, U.S. President Nixon halted dollar-gold conversion, abandoning the gold standard.
  • Plunge in Dollar Value: Following the Nixon Shock, the value of one ounce of gold skyrocketed from $35 to $1,000, causing the value of the U.S. dollar to plummet to one-thirtieth of its previous level.
  • Fed Goal Shift and Policy Failure: The Fed, whose sole objective had been inflation control, added maximum employment as a goal, burdening it with two tasks. Then-Fed Chairman Arthur Burns attempted to curb inflation through wage and price controls instead of raising interest rates. Instead, he implemented interest rate cuts and quantitative easing, which, compounded by the oil shock, amplified inflation.
  • Introduction of Core Consumer Price Index: An attempt was made to reduce inflation by creating the Core Consumer Price Index, which excluded items experiencing sharp price increases like oil and grains.

2️⃣ The Birth and Limitations of the Dollar Index (DXY)

  • Emergence of Dollar Value Measurement Issues: After the collapse of the gold standard, a new metric was needed to measure the dollar's value.
  • Introduction of the Dollar Index: In 1973, the **Dollar Index (DXY)** was created to measure the dollar's relative value against the currencies of major trading partners, setting its base value at 100 as of 1973.
  • Limitations of the Dollar Index Basket Composition: Weights were set based on 1973 data, heavily reflecting the euro (57.6%), and it currently excludes major trading partner China.

3️⃣ Direct factor behind won weakness: Foreign net selling of government bonds

  • Relative weakness of the won: Despite the recent decline in the dollar index (dollar weakness), the won-dollar exchange rate has risen rapidly, suggesting the won is weakening much faster than other major currencies.
  • Massive net selling of Korean government bonds: Foreign investors are selling government bonds at an unprecedented pace, including net selling of approximately ₩12.3761 trillion worth of Korean government bond futures over seven trading days.
  • Signal of Capital Outflow: Selling government bond futures acts as a signal to the market, leading to spot selling and dollar conversion, which in turn triggers increased dollar demand and won weakness. Foreign selling pressure can induce a ‘herding phenomenon’, amplifying exchange rate and bond market volatility.
  • Link to the Surge in Domestic Apartment Prices: The sharp rise in Seoul apartment prices is making it difficult for the Bank of Korea to cut interest rates. This, in turn, stimulates bondholders' desire to sell bonds and realize profits, indirectly affecting the exchange rate.

4️⃣ Weakening of Exchange Rate Defense Mechanisms

  • Various Negative Factors: Factors such as the difficult US-Korea tariff negotiations and downward revisions to economic growth forecasts are dampening foreign investor sentiment.
  • Cessation of Currency Hedging: The cessation of currency hedging between the National Pension Service and the Bank of Korea is reducing exchange rate defense tools.
  • Difficulty in Artificial Market Intervention: Due to the agreement with the US, artificial exchange rate adjustments are discouraged, and any market intervention must be disclosed. This makes drastic exchange rate stabilization measures (such as the “lunchbox bomb”) difficult to implement as in the past.


πŸ” In summary

The current sharp rise in the KRW/USD exchange rate stems from a combination of long-term trends—such as the structural changes in the global financial system since the 1970s, including the abandonment of the gold standard and the Fed's adoption of multiple objectives—and short-term, domestic factors. These include recent large-scale net selling of Korean government bonds by foreign investors and constraints on the Bank of Korea's ability to cut interest rates due to the sharp rise in domestic apartment prices. Particularly significant is the relatively rapid weakening of the won's value compared to other major currencies, which is a key driver amplifying volatility in both the exchange rate and bond markets. Government and central bank intervention tools to curb sharp exchange rate fluctuations are also more limited than in the past, suggesting high exchange rate volatility will persist for the foreseeable future.


🏷️ Keywords

#USDKRW #KRWUSD #ExchangeRateSurge #NixonShock #GoldStandard #DollarIndex #KoreanGovernmentBonds #NetForeignSelling #WonDepreciation #BondMarket #CoreCPI #HerdTrading



1,420원 λ„˜κ²Œ μΉ˜μ†Ÿμ€ μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μœ¨, κ·Έ 근본적인 μ΄μœ λŠ”?


πŸ“Œ ν•œμ€„μš”μ•½

졜근 μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μœ¨μ΄ 1,423μ›κΉŒμ§€ κΈ‰λ“±ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ€ 미ꡭ의 κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ 포기(λ‹‰μŠ¨ 쇼크)와 뒀이은 μ—°μ€€μ˜ 고용 λͺ©ν‘œ μΆ”κ°€, 그리고 ν˜„μž¬ μ™Έκ΅­μΈμ˜ ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ채 μˆœλ§€λ„ 심화 및 κ΅­λ‚΄ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 가격 κΈ‰λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν•œκ΅­μ€ν–‰μ˜ 금리 μΈν•˜ 어렀움 λ“± 볡합적인 μš”μΈλ“€μ΄ μž‘μš©ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž„.


πŸ“– μ™œ μ€‘μš”ν•œκ°€! (μ˜λ―Έμ™€ λ§₯락)

ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μœ¨ κΈ‰λ“± ν˜„μƒμ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 단기적인 μ‹œμž₯ 변동이 μ•„λ‹Œ, 1970λ…„λŒ€ 미ꡭ의 근본적인 톡화 μ •μ±… 변화와 μ—°μ€€μ˜ μ—­ν•  ν™•λŒ€, 그리고 λ‹¬λŸ¬ 인덱슀의 λ„μž… λ“± κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 금육 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ 역사적 λ§₯락과 연결됨. 특히, ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 원화 κ°€μΉ˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” 톡화 λŒ€λΉ„ 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•½ν™”λ˜κ³  있으며, μ΄λŠ” 외ꡭ인 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ채 λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 맀도세와 κ΅­λ‚΄ 경제 μš”μΈ(μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 가격 κΈ‰λ“±)이 λ³΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•œ 결과둜, ν™˜μœ¨ 변동성 ν™•λŒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 심도 μžˆλŠ” 이해와 λŒ€λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•¨.


πŸ”₯ 핡심 포인트 (Key takeaways)

1️⃣ κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ 포기와 λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€μΉ˜ ν•˜λ½μ˜ 역사적 λ°°κ²½

  • κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ 포기(λ‹‰μŠ¨ 쇼크): 1971λ…„ λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ μ „μŸ λΉ„μš© 쑰달을 μœ„ν•œ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 무뢄별 λ°œν–‰μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜κ΅¬μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 등이 금 κ΅ν™˜μ„ μš”κ΅¬ν•˜μž, λ―Έκ΅­ λ‹‰μŠ¨ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ λ‹¬λŸ¬-금 κ΅ν™˜μ„ μ€‘λ‹¨ν•˜λ©° κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œλ₯Ό 포기함.

  • λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€μΉ˜ 급락: λ‹‰μŠ¨ 쇼크 이후 금 1온슀 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 35λ‹¬λŸ¬μ—μ„œ 1,000λ‹¬λŸ¬λ‘œ ν­λ“±ν•˜λ©°, λ―Έκ΅­ λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 1/30 μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 급락함.

  • μ—°μ€€ λͺ©ν‘œ λ³€κ²½ 및 μ •μ±… μ‹€νŒ¨: μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜ λ°©μ–΄λ§Œ λͺ©ν‘œμ˜€λ˜ 연쀀에 μ΅œλŒ€ 고용 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μΆ”κ°€λ˜μ–΄ 두 κ°€μ§€ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό μ•ˆκ²Œ 됨. λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ—°μ€€ 의μž₯ μ•„μ„œ λ²ˆμ¦ˆλŠ” 금리 인상 λŒ€μ‹  μž„κΈˆκ³Ό λ¬Όκ°€ ν†΅μ œλ‘œ μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ„ 작으렀 ν–ˆκ³ , 였히렀 금리 μΈν•˜ 및 양적완화λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λ©° μ˜€μΌμ‡Όν¬μ™€ 겹쳐 μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ„ μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚΄.

  • 근원 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ¬Όκ°€ λ„μž…: μœ κ°€, 곑물 λ“± λ¬Όκ°€ κΈ‰λ“± ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ 근원 μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ¬Όκ°€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€λ©° μΈν”Œλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ„ μΆ•μ†Œν•˜λ €λŠ” μ‹œλ„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŒ.

2️⃣ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 인덱슀(DXY)의 탄생과 ν•œκ³„

  • λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€μΉ˜ μΈ‘μ • 문제 λ°œμƒ: κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ λΆ•κ΄΄ ν›„ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§€ν‘œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•΄μ§.

  • λ‹¬λŸ¬ 인덱슀 λ„μž…: 1973λ…„ λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ£Όμš” ꡐ역ꡭ 톡화 λŒ€λΉ„ λ‹¬λŸ¬ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” **λ‹¬λŸ¬ 인덱슀(DXY)**κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, κΈ°μ€€ μ‹œμ (1973λ…„)의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 100으둜 섀정함.

  • λ‹¬λŸ¬ 인덱슀의 λ°”μŠ€μΌ“ ꡬ성 ν•œκ³„: 1973λ…„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜κ°€ μ„€μ •λ˜μ–΄ 유둜(57.6%)κ°€ κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ˜λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , ν˜„μž¬ μ£Όμš” ꡐ역ꡭ인 쀑ꡭ이 빠져있음 λ“±μ˜ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•¨.

3️⃣ 원화 μ•½μ„Έμ˜ 직접적인 μš”μΈ: 외ꡭ인 ꡭ채 μˆœλ§€λ„

  • μ›ν™”μ˜ μƒλŒ€μ  μ•½μ„Έ: 졜근 λ‹¬λŸ¬ μΈλ±μŠ€κ°€ ν•˜λ½(λ‹¬λŸ¬ μ•½μ„Έ)ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μœ¨μ€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μƒμŠΉν•˜μ—¬, 원화가 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£Όμš” 톡화보닀 훨씬 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•½ν•΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹œμ‚¬ν•¨.

  • λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ채 μˆœλ§€λ„: 외ꡭ인 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ΄ 7거래일 λ™μ•ˆ μ•½ 12μ‘° 3,761μ–΅ 원 규λͺ¨μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ채 선물을 μˆœλ§€λ„ν•˜λŠ” λ“± μ—­λŒ€κΈ‰ μ†λ„λ‘œ ꡭ채λ₯Ό λ§€λ„ν•˜κ³  있음.

  • 자금 유좜 μ‹ ν˜Έ: ꡭ채 μ„ λ¬Ό λ§€λ„λŠ” ν˜„λ¬Ό 맀도와 λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μ „μœΌλ‘œ 이어져 λ‹¬λŸ¬ μˆ˜μš” 증가 및 원화 μ•½μ„Έλ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ‹ ν˜Έλ‘œ μ‹œμž₯에 μž‘μš©ν•¨. 외ꡭ인 λ§€λ„μ„ΈλŠ” 'μΆ”μ’…λ§€λ§€(Herding) ν˜„μƒ'을 μœ λ°œν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜μœ¨κ³Ό μ±„κΆŒμ‹œμž₯의 변동성을 μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚¬ 수 있음.

  • κ΅­λ‚΄ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 가격 κΈ‰λ“±κ³Όμ˜ μ—°κ΄€μ„±: μ„œμšΈ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 가격 급등은 ν•œκ΅­μ€ν–‰μ˜ 금리 μΈν•˜λ₯Ό μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” μ±„κΆŒ λ³΄μœ μžλ“€μ˜ μ±„κΆŒ 맀각 및 수읡 μ‹€ν˜„ μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό μžκ·Ήν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜μœ¨μ— 간접적인 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ¨.

4️⃣ ν™˜μœ¨ λ°©μ–΄ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ˜ μ•½ν™”

  • λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 뢀정적 μš”μΈ: λŒ€λ―Έ κ΄€μ„Έ ν˜‘μƒ λ‚œν•­, κ²½μ œμ„±μž₯λ₯  전망 ν•˜ν–₯ μ‘°μ • λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μš”μΈλ“€μ΄ 외ꡭ인 투자 심리λ₯Ό μœ„μΆ•μ‹œν‚€κ³  있음.

  • ν™˜ν—€μ§€ 쀑단: κ΅­λ―Όμ—°κΈˆκ³Ό ν•œκ΅­μ€ν–‰ κ°„μ˜ ν™˜ν—€μ§€ 쀑단은 ν™˜μœ¨ λ°©μ–΄ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ κ°μ†Œμ‹œν‚€κ³  있음.

  • μΈμœ„μ  μ‹œμž₯ κ°œμž…μ˜ 어렀움: 미ꡭ과의 ν•©μ˜λ‘œ ν™˜μœ¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ μΈμœ„μ μΈ 쑰정을 μ§€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμž₯ κ°œμž… μ‹œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μƒν™©μœΌλ‘œ, 과거와 같은 κΈ‰κ²©ν•œ ν™˜μœ¨ μ•ˆμ •ν™” 쑰치(λ„μ‹œλ½ν­νƒ„)κ°€ μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§.


πŸ” μ •λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄

ν˜„μž¬ μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν™˜μœ¨μ˜ 급등은 1970λ…„λŒ€ κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ 포기와 μ—°μ€€μ˜ 볡합 λͺ©ν‘œ μ„€μ • λ“± κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ 금육 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ ꡬ쑰적 λ³€ν™”μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λœ μž₯기적 흐름과, 졜근 외ꡭ인 νˆ¬μžμžλ“€μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ채 λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ μˆœλ§€λ„μ™€ κ΅­λ‚΄ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈ 가격 κΈ‰λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν•œκ΅­μ€ν–‰μ˜ 금리 μΈν•˜ μ œμ•½ λ“± 단기적이고 ꡭ내적인 μš”μΈμ΄ λ³΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•œ κ²°κ³Όμž„. 특히 원화 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£Όμš” 톡화에 λΉ„ν•΄ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ•½ν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” ν™˜μœ¨κ³Ό μ±„κΆŒ μ‹œμž₯의 변동성을 ν™•λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” 원인이 되고 있음. ν™˜μœ¨ 급변을 막기 μœ„ν•œ μ •λΆ€λ‚˜ μ€‘μ•™μ€ν–‰μ˜ κ°œμž… μˆ˜λ‹¨λ„ 과거에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ œν•œμ μΈ μƒν™©μ΄μ–΄μ„œ, λ‹ΉλΆ„κ°„ 높은 ν™˜μœ¨ 변동성이 μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλ¨.


🏷️ ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ

#μ›λ‹¬λŸ¬ν™˜μœ¨ #ν™˜μœ¨κΈ‰λ“± #λ‹‰μŠ¨μ‡Όν¬ #κΈˆλ³Έμœ„μ œ #λ‹¬λŸ¬μΈλ±μŠ€ #ν•œκ΅­κ΅­μ±„ #μ™Έκ΅­μΈμˆœλ§€λ„ #원화약세 #μ±„κΆŒμ‹œμž₯ #변동성 #κΈˆλ¦¬μΈν•˜ #κ·Όμ›μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ¬Όκ°€ #μΆ”μ’…λ§€λ§€


🚨주의: 이 λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έ μžλ£ŒλŠ” μ €μž‘κΆŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ³΄ν˜Έλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ€ 투자 ꢌ유λ₯Ό λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, νŠΉμ • 금육 μƒν’ˆμ˜ 맀수 λ˜λŠ” 맀도λ₯Ό ꢌμž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 투자 결정은 μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ 본인의 μ±…μž„ ν•˜μ— 이루어져야 ν•˜λ©°, 이 λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έμ—μ„œ μ±…μž„μ§€μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.